Objectives, Limitations and Evaluation of Internal Control
Objectives of
Internal Control
Internal control
relating to accounting system is concerned with achieving objectives such as:
1. Transactions
are executed in accordance with proper authorization.
2. All
transactions and other events are promptly recorded at the current amount, in
the appropriate accounts and in proper accounting period so to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with an identified financial
reporting framework.
3. Access to
assets is permitted only in accordance with proper authorization.
4. Recorded
assets are compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and
appropriate action is taken with regard to any difference.
Limitations of
Internal Control
Internal control
system has the following inherent limitations:
1. Management’s
usual requirements that the cost of an internal control does not exceed the
expected benefits to be desired.
2. Most internal
controls lead to routine transaction rather than non-routine transaction.
3. Potential for
human error in the operation of internal control due to carelessness,
distraction, mistakes of judgement and the misunderstanding of instructions.
4. Possibility
of control being by-passed due to collision of two or more persons, whether
inside or outside the entity.
5. Possibility
that a person responsible for exercising an internal control could abuse that
responsibility by overriding and internal control.
6. Possibility
that procedures may become inadequate due to changes in conditions, and
compliance with procedures may deteriorate.
Evaluation of
Internal Control
The evaluation
of internal control by an auditor is necessary. There are no set rules for such
evaluation. However, there are enquiries which have to be made. The auditor
while making such inquiries should select actual transactions in order to
determine the proper functioning of systems, procedures and polices. The
auditor is to ensure that these procedures are not on paper only but are in
fact in operation.
First inquiry
would be whether there are any documents in the form of manuals, charts,
circulars, forms, etc, laid down by the organization that are to be followed
within the organization. This record will assist the auditor in ascertaining
whether there is functional regression of duties between responsible personnel.
Enquiry
regarding financial and accounting procedures will be made to ensure whether
the transactions are properly received to establish the propriety of the
transactions and accuracy in their recording. This enquiry will help the auditor
to determine whether the flow of process helps in detection and reduction of
errors.
Enquiry about
the financial statements will enable the auditor to find out.
(a) The
responsibility and authority of person reporting.
(b) Performance
of personnel and the organization.
(c) Review of
transactions.
The auditor for
the purpose of evaluation will find the following facts:
1. Whether the
system ensures the accuracy of records and financial statements.
2. Whether the
system prevents or detects errors.
3. Whether the
system prevents or discloses losses occurring due to negligence, inefficiencies
or inadequacies.
4. Whether the
system ensures compliance with set policies.
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