The role of state in Islam
In Islam state
is administered in the name of God. The state is merely an instrument for
realisation of spiritual and material goals. The concept of sovereignty is
completely absent in Islamic state. Authority belongs to Allah alone. In Islam
authority or power to rule is a trust of the people not the birth right of any
individual. It is therefore to be exercised through democratic process, as
Quran says “And consult them in affairs”. “And they conduct their affairs by
mutual consultation.”
A) Spiritual
Values
The role of
state in Islam is welfare oriented. It not only looks after the moral and
spiritual health of the people but also to the material (well-being of the
people. For building up the moral and spiritual values in individual and
society it helps in.
1) Creating
environments suitable for the brought up of children.
2) In
cultivating the spirit of Islam by providing Islamic education and practical
training to the young generation who should lead the people of the world in art
and science and trade and industry.
3) Strict
enforce must of Islamic laws with strict punishment to those who violate them.
B) Basic Needs
Approach
Another feature
of Islamic state is that it recognizes the equality in the basic needs of every
man. It is prineiy duty of the state to provide basic needs to individuals
which are:
1) Availability
of sufficient food to maintain body.
2) Suitable
clothing.
3) Adequate
shelter.
4) Suitable
proper education.
C) Economic Role
of the State
The economic
role of the state of Islam is different from that of Capitalism and communism.
It is to some extent compromise between two systems. The main functions of the
state in Islam are as under.
1) Social and
Economic Justice: Islam recognizes social and economic justice for all the
individuals irrespective of creed, colour and caste. It is the duty of the
state to see that no individual is exploited by another individual. Social and
individual welfare is complementary and not competitive in Islam.
2) Utilization
of Resources: Economic resources of the country in an Islamic state are placed
at the disposal of the state. Since these resources are a trust from God. It is
therefore the responsibility of the state to make full utilization of economic
resources for the economic welfare of the people.
3) Stability in
Prices of Commodities: It is the duty of the state to follow a fiscal policy
which creates minimum fluctuations in the value of currency of the country.
Since the changes in the value of money do not affect all persons equally,
there for social justice and economic welfare demands that there should be
minimum erosion in the value of money, so the prices should not rise.
4) Social
Security: It is the primary duty of the Islamic state to see that there is
complete equality among its citizens for the provision of basic needs. Islam
guarantees a minimum standard of living for all its people. It gives equal
treatment to all individuals and does not differentiate on the basis of colour,
race or any other distinction. Man’s worth is determined not by wealth he
possesses but by character, ability and his sense to mankind.
5) Wider
Circulation of Wealth: Islam is against the concentration of wealth in a few
hands. It believes in fair distribution of income. An Islamic state therefore
enforces distributive justice for every individual.
6) Maintenance
of Law and Order: it is the primary duty of the state to enforce law and order
in the country. If the life and property of the citizens is secure and safe,
they can work with peace. When every one in the society is satisfied, it leads
to economic progress and stability in the country.
7) Harmonous
Relations with Other Countries: It is the duty of state to develop harmonous
relations with Muslim countries of the world in particular and other countries
in general. The role of Islamic state is to work for the welfare of mankind. It
should cooperate with those who are right and pious and shun the aggression and
sin.
8) Fiscal
Measure: There is an active intervention of Islamic state in the social and
economic affairs of the country. For the performance of various functions it
needs money. An Islamic state can raise revenue through (1) Zakat and Usher (2)
Taxation and (3) Borrowing.
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