What is labour force and how the efficiency of labour can be improved
Labour force is
regarded as the second original factor of production. Labour means all kinds of
activity, mental or physical, which are undertaken for the creation of
utilities. In short any productive effort is called labour.
Efficiency of
Labour:
The number of
able-bodied men being more or less fixed, the supply of labour mainly depends
on the efficiency of labour. The contribution of labour to production depends not
only upon the number of production but also upon the efficiency of labour
itself. The more efficient is the labour the larger will be the amount of the
supply of labour and vice versa.
The efficiency
of labour means the fitness of the labour for the production of wealth. The
efficiency of labour depends upon the power to work, will to work and
efficiency or organization. The factors are discussed as under:
1. Power to Work: The power to work is a
question of fitness. The fitness may be physical, technical, intellectual and
moral.
(i) Physical
Fitness: It means that a worker must possess a sound health, so that he may
undertake works. The physical fitness depends on some factors. It can be
improved by undertaking following factors.
(a) An adequate
supply of nutritious food sufficient clothing, well ventilated house and other
necessities of life. In short, it depends greatly on the standard of living of
the murder.
(b) It also
depends on the climate of a country. Extreme hot or cold climate causes early
exhausting and is not favourable to prolonged activity. It is temperate climate
which is suitable for hard work. Climate also influences health and strength by
determining the nature of food the worker consumes.
(c) Physical
fitness also depends to some extent on the racial qualities of the worker.
People of some races are naturally hardier than those of other races.
(ii) Technical
Fitness: A worker must also possess technical fitness. Workers must be given
technical training to make them skilled in their work. Because trained workers
are more efficient than untrained ones. Technical fitness also leads to
physical fitness by raising the standard of living through higher wages. The
technical fitness depends upon the opportunities for the training of the
labourer.
(iii)
Intellectual Fitness: Mere technical training is not sufficient for improving
the efficiency of workers. Efficiency of a labourer depends upon his
intellectual qualities and foresight. To develop these qualities, and
foresight. To develop these qualities, the workers must be given general
education. Compulsory and universal education has greatly improved the
efficiency of labour in Europe , America and Russia .
(iv) Moral
Fitness: Moral fitness depends on the qualities of mind which will constitute
character. Such qualities depend upon the system of training and discipline
which the workers get at their home and school and from persons with whom they
associate. Honesty, regularity and responsibility are the basis of moral
fitness.
2. The Will to Work: The will to work is
mainly dependent on the conditions of employment. If the job is promising with
a prospect of rapid promotion. If there is a system of giving rewards to good
and energetic workers, and a system of granting certain percentage of profits
to them, they will show great zeal to work hard. Again, security of job,
holidays with pay and fair and graded wages also help and induce them to be
efficient. Lastly to prevent the growth of a dull and num to feeling among the
workers there should be freedom and opportunities to change the types of works.
3. Efficiency of Organization: The system
of organization displays a great part in making workers efficient. A good
employer may contribute greatly to the efficiency of his labourers by providing
them with proper tools and raw materials. Even an efficient worker cannot work
efficiently with bad tools. The organizer must familiarize labourers with up-to-date
machines and methods of production. He must be intelligent enough to pick up
the proper man for proper work.
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